Patent[patents]/www.japanese-translating.com - Patent dictionary compiled from William Lise's glossary and two-kanji glossary (New-Tech, Ltd., www.lise.jp)/
AIPPI[AIPPI]/International Association for the Protection of Industry Property; Association Internationale pour la Protection de la Propertie Industrielle/
GAO[GAO]/ General Accounting Office (USA) /
INIDコード[INID code]/INID code (internationally agreed upon numbers for the identification of bibliographic items in a patent document) /
IPC[IPC]/International Patent Classification /
世界貿易機関[WTO]/World Trade Organization/
異議[]/opposition /
異議申立[]/opposition /
異議申立人[]/ opposer; opponent /
意見書[]/opinion brief; written argument/opinion /
イ号[]/allegedly infringing product/process /
意匠[]/design /
意匠原簿[]/Design Register /
意匠公報[]/Design Gazette /
意匠法[]/Design Law /
意匠法施行規則[]/Regulations Under the Design Law /
意代[]/procedural amendment in lieu of an opinion brief (from 意見書に代わる手続補正)/
一部継続出願[]/continuation-in-part /
委任状[]/power of attorney /
印[]/seal /
印影[]/seal impression [L]/; reproduction of a seal. /
引用[]/citation /
引用文献[]/cited literature (the 文献 often refers to published works) /
引用例[]/cited document/invention /
営業秘密[]/trade secret /
応じて[]/Aに応じて can be rendered as: responsive to A; in response to A; according to A. Highly context sensitive./
親クレーム[]/independent claim (in the case in which there is a claim dependent thereto) /
公の秩序[]/public order /
親出願[]/original application; parent application (refers to a prior application from which a divisional application is made) /
下位概念[]/more-specific concept /
外形線[]/outline /
開示[]/disclosure (referring to disclosure of an invention in a patent specification or disclosure of a technology in accordance with an agreement); disovery (referring to civil procedure, particularly in the US, which permits a party to civial litigation to discover documents and things of another party, including presenting written interogatories and deposing witnesses of the other party)/ 
回答書[]/written reply /
化学式[]/chemical formula /
化学物質[]/chemical compound /
各[]/each; care is required, as the best approach when encountering 各 is merely to make the associated noun plural, which is often the only reason the term is used in Japanese, which does not have a plural as we know it in English. /
拡大図[]/enlarged drawing /
拡張解釈[]/broad interpretation /
確定審決[]/final and conclusive appeal/trial decision /
紙公報[]/official paper gazette on paper; official paper gazette in paper [K]/ 
紙出願[]/paper application /
仮保護[]/provisional protection /
管轄[]/jurisdiction /
刊行物[]/publication /
刊行物の頒布[]/distribution of a publication (the placing of a publication in a state in which any number of non-specified persons have access to it, even if a particular person does not in fact access or read the publication) /
完成品[]/finished product /
間接侵害[]/indirect infringement /
鑑定[]/expert testimony (under civil procedure) /
鑑定人[]/expert witness (in civil procedure) /
願番[]/application number /
官報[]/government/official gazette /
慣用技術[]/commonly used art /
管理人[]/administrator /
技監[]/Deputy Commissioner /
棄却[]/dismissal; support of the original decision (in the case of an appeal of a decision) /
記載[]/language; description, recitation. (A common use of this term is in dependent claims, in phrases such as 請求項２記載の半導体装置, which is best rendered with a semiconductor device as recited in claim 2. The rendering language is most often seen in negative usages such as しかしながら、かかる引用文献に本発明の技術を開示する記載は全くないので for "However, there being absolutely no language in this cited reference that discloses the technology of the present invention....") /
記載する[]/recite (in the case of a claim, in which an invention is recited) /
技術[]/art; technology /
技術常識[]/common general technical knowledge /
技術水準[]/state of the art /
技術説明[]/technical description /
技術的思想[]/technical idea /
技術的手段[]/technical means /
技術的範囲[]/technical scope /
技術表示個所[]/The name of a field provided by the JPO in the bibliographic information section of laid-open patent applictions at the time the JPO started applying IPC codes to domestic patent applications. It was intended to be used to indicate the basis for applying the particular IPC code(s), but seems that it was never used. It is currently not part of laid-open patent application publications. /
技術分野[]/technical field /
偽証罪[]/perjury /
既知[]/known (in the art) /
機能的記載[]/functional description /
却下[]/dismissal; declining /
教示[]/teaching /
行政処分[]/administrative measure /
行政訴訟[]/administrative litigation /
行政不服審査法[]/Administrative Appeal Law /
行政不服審査法に基づく異議申立て[]/objection under the Administrative Appeal Law /
共同出願[]/joint application /
共同審判[]/joint appeal/trial (which is demanded jointly by a plurality of persons or which is demanded with respect to a plurality of demandees) /
共有[]/joint ownership /
居所[]/residence /
拒絶[]/rejection /
拒絶査定[]/decision of final rejection; final rejection /
拒絶査定不服審判[]/appeal of an examiner's decision to reject/refuse /
拒絶理由[]/reasons for rejection/refusal /
拒絶理由通知書[]/notice of reasons for rejection /
具体化[]/embodiment /
クレーム[]/claim /
クレーム解釈[]/claim interpretation /
クロスライセンス[]/cross-license; cross-licensing/
警告[]/warning /
警告状[]/written warning (usually refers to a warning of infringement from a patent holder) /
形状[]/shape /
継続出願[]/continuation application /
継続的努力[]/diligence /
形態[]/mode/ embodiment /
結審 []/closing of appeal,trial examination /
決定[]/decision; ruling /
決定却下[]/rejection of an appeal as inadmissible; rejection of a trial as inadmissible; declining of an amendment as inadmissible /
見解書[]/written opinion /
原決定[]/original decision /
原告[]/plaintiff /
原出願[]/original (parent) application /
原審[]/original decision /
原査定[]/original decision /
原審支持[]/original decision is supported /
原審取消[]/original decision is overturned /
顕著な効果[]/prominent effect /
原特許権利者[]/original patentee /
原簿[]/register /
原本[]/original /
権利者[]/right holder /
権利侵害[]/infringement /
権利範囲[]/scope of right /
権利付与[]/granting of right /
権利濫用[]/abuse of right /
故意[]/intention (as in an intentional infringement) /
項[]/paragraph (of a law) /
号[]/item; subparagraph (of a law) /
考案[]/device (as used with regard to a utility model) /
考案者[]/creator (of a device) /
考案の名称[]/title of the device /
効果[]/effect /
公開[]/Kokai publication No. (when seen as INID code 65) /
公開公報[]/publication of unexamined applications; Kokai publication /
公開前審査[]/examination prior to laying open of application /
公開特許公報[]/publication of unexamined patent applications; Official Gazette for Kokai Patent Applications (INID code 12) /
公開番号[]/publication number /
公開日[]/Kokai publication date (INID code 43) /
合議[]/collegial examination /
合議体[]/collegial body /
工業上の利用性[]/industrial applicability /
工業所有権[]/industrial property right /
公告公報[]/publication of examined applications; Kokoku publication /
公告実用新案公報[]/publication of examined utility model applications (under the old law) /
公告特許公報[]/publication of examined patent applications /
公告日[]/Kokoku Publication Date (INID codes 22, 44) /
公示[]/publish; public notice; proclamation /
公開実用新案公報[]/publication of unexamined utility model applications; Official Gazette for Kokai Utility Model Applications (INID code 12)/ 
公証[]/authentication /
公証人[]/notary public /
公序良俗[]/public order and morality /
更新[]/renewal /
構成要件[]/constituent feature(s) /
公知[]/publicly known /
高等裁判所[]/high court 
公表実用新案公報[]/published Japanese translations of PCT international publication for utility model applications /
公表特許公報[]/published Japanese translations of PCT international publication for patent applications /
公報[]/(official) gazette /
後願[]/junior application; later-filed application /
国際特許分類[]/International Patent Classification (IPC) /
国内段階[]/national phase /
これらの[]/these; often seen referring to a "plurality" of elements; used in Japanese because of the lack of a good plural indicator. /
在外者[]/foreign resident (person who has neither his/her domicile nor residence in Japan) /
最高裁判所[]/the Supreme Court /
最終処分[]/final decision/action/disposition / 
再審[]/retrial /
最適材料の選択[]/selection of an optimal material (considered to be exercising ordinary creativity expected of a person skilled in the art)/ 
裁判所[]/court /
裁量[]/discretion /
鎖線[]/broken chain line /
査定[]/final decision; examiner's decision /
作用[]/operation; working; action /
産業上の利用分野[]/Industrial Field of Application (JPO term) /
参考文献[]/reference (prior art documents considered by an examiner) /
ジェプソン形式クレーム[]/Jepson-type claim (sometimes referred to as an oite claim in Japanese, although the part that precedes ni oite is often not actually prior art) /
識別記号[]/Identification Symbol (JPO) /
識別番号[]/identification number /
事件の表示[]/case identification /
自然法則[]/law of nature (which an invention must may use of in Japan to be patentable) /
示談[]/settlement out of court /
実開[]/unexamined utility model application publication (my choice, because the full expression usually has 公報 appended to it) or "published unexamined utility model application"; from 特許公開[公報]/. Some wish to use the term "laid open" in place of "publication," but this is an abomination as a noun substitute, although to describe a utility model application being laid open is acceptable usage. /
実願[]/utility model application; from 実用新案出願. /
実公[]/examined utility model application publication (my choice, because the full expression usually has 公報 appended to it) or "published examined utility model application"; from 実用新案公告[公報]/. It is definitely improper to call this simply a utility model, since the existence of this document in no way implies that an actual utility model was granted. /
実施[]/working; exploitation /
実施化[]/reduction to practice /
実施可能要件[]/enabling requirement (referring to the requirement that the specification must provide a disclosure that is sufficient to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to practice the best mode of the invention) /
実施権[]/license /
実施権者[]/licensee /
実施態様[]/embodiment; specific form; mode /
実施の形態[]/Embodiments (when used as a title appearing in a Japanese patent). /
実施料[]/license fee /
実施例[]/embodiment (for machine or electrical); example (for chemical) /
実線[]/solid line /
実用新案[]/utility model /
実用新案権[]/utility model right /
実用新案原簿[]/utility model register /
実用新案法施行規則[]/Regulations under the Utility Model Law /
実用新案法[]/Utility Model Law /
自発補正[]/voluntary amendment /
自明[]/obvious /
斜視図[]/perspective view; oblique view /
出願人[]/applicant (INID code 71) /
出願無効[]/invalidation of application /
住所[]/domicile /
従属形式請求項[]/dependent claim /
周知[]/well-known /
周知技術[]/well-known art /
従来の技術[]/prior art /
主審査官[]/principal/main examiner /
手段[]/means (used as a singular without a prefixed article in claims; e.g., means for highpass filtering a signal, thereafter referred to as the highpass filtering means). Should not be preceded by an indefinite article when used to start a means element clause in a claim (e.g., "means for calculating an average noise level). /
出願[]/application; filing /
出願公開[]/publication before examination of an application; unexamined application publication /
出願公開番号[]/Kokai number; number of laying open of an (unexamined) application /
出願公告[]/publication after examination of an application; examined application publication /
出願の分割[]/division of an application /
出願番号[]/application number /
出願日[]/application filing date (INID code 22) /
主発明[]/main invention /
守秘義務[]/duty/obligation of secrecy /
受理[]/receipt; acceptance (e.g., of application or documents) /
条[]/Article /
上位概念[]/generic concept /
証拠[]/proof; evidence /
証拠物[]/exhibit; evidence (in US civil procedure, it is better not to use 証拠物 to refer to exhibits in a deposition, since it is not known at that stage whether they will be used as evidence in the actual trial) /
上告[]/See 上訴. /
上告棄却[]/dismissal of an appeal /
証拠調べ[]/examination of evidence /
証拠方法[]/means of proof /
上申書[]/written statement /
上訴[]/appeal /
譲渡[]/assignment (of patent right(s)) /
譲渡人[]/assignor /
証人[]/witness (in a trial); deponent (in a deposition) /
正面図[]/front view /
省令[]/ministerial ordinance /
抄録[]/abstract /
職務発明[]/employee's invention /
書誌的事項[]/bibliographic items/data (e.g., application number, Kokai number, title of the invention, name of application) /
書誌情報[]/bibliographic items/data (e.g., application number, Kokai number, title of the invention, name of application). Same as 書誌的事項 /
職権で[]/ex officio /
所定の[]/prescribed /
所定の言語[]/prescribed language /
署名[]/signature /
書面[]/document /
書類[]/document /
書類名[]/Document Title (JPO; started appearing about the time paperless filing was introduced) /
侵害[]/infringement /
侵害行為[]/infringement; act of infringement /
侵害訴訟[]/infringement suit /
新規事項[]/new matter (matter which is not in the original language of the application) /
新規性[]/novelty /
審決[]/trial decision /
審決却下[]/decision declaring appeal/trial inadmissible, dismissal by appeal/trial decision /
審決の確定[]/conclusive and final appeal/trial decision: irrevocable appeal/trial decision /
審査[]/examination /
審査官[]/examiner /
審査請求[]/request for examination /
審査便覧[]/Examination Manual /
審尋[]/questioning; interrogation; examination /
申請[]/request /
申請人[]/applicant; requester /
査定系審[]/appeal (in which no defendant's exist; against an examiner's decision to reject, dismiss, etc.) /
審判[]/appeal trial (拒絶査定, 補正不服審判); trial (特許無効, 訂正, 訂正無効審判) /
審判官[]/appeal examiner /
審判事件[]/appeal/trial case /
審判請求[]/demand for trial; appeal /
審判請求書[]/written demand for trial; written appeal /
審判請求書の決定却下[]/dismissal of written demand for a trial; dismissal of a written appeal /
審判請求人[]/demandant of a trial /
審判請求の取下げ[]/withdrawal of demand for trial; withdrawal of appeal /
審判長[]/trial examiner-in-chief /
審判便覧[]/Appeal or Trial Examination Manual /
進歩性[]/inventive step (an an invention, with respect to the prior art) /
審問[]/cross examination /
尋問[]/interrogation (cross examination) /
審理[]/trial examination /
審理終結通知[]/notification of conclusion of appeal/trial examination /
審理の再開[]/re-opening of appeal/trial examination /
審理不尽[]/premature decision /
遂行[]/prosecution (of an application) /
少なくとも[]/minimally; can often be omitted, as there is a tendency to assume that elements not explicitly recited are included. Thus, reciting a chair having four legs includes chairs having five legs. When in doubt, ask the author. /
図面[]/drawing /
図面の簡単な説明[]/Ｂrief Description of the Drawings (title in JPO publication) /
請求項[]/claim /
請求項の数[]/number of claims /
請求の数[]/number of claims /
正本[]/certified copied; original (Original is usually better, since certifying could imply the action of a third party.) /
世界知的所有権機構[]/World Intellectual Property Organization; WIPO /
先願[]/prior application /
先願主義[]/first-to-file rule/system /
前記[]/said; the (Some patent practitioners distinguish between 当該 and 前記, using the former for references that are fairly close to the antecedent and the latter for references that are further removed from the antecedent. Others use 当該, for example, in all cases. Both can be translated as said or even the.) /
先行技術[]/prior art /
先行技術調査[]/prior art search /
先行詞[]/antecedent (in a document); a non-art rejection can occur if a definite article is used with an element name if it has not already been used with an indefinite article. /
宣誓[]/oath /
宣誓供述書[]/sworn affidavit; affidavit /
宣誓証言[]/sworn testimony (often used to refer to testimony given during a deposition) /
選択図[]/chosen drawing /
選択的事項[]/matter of selection; selective item. (Can refer to items in a claim which offer the possibility of selection, and which might make the scope of the invention unclear.) /
先発主義[]/first-to-invent rule/system /
全頁[]/Total of n pages in the Original Japanese (appears on JPO patent documents) /
専有実施権[]/exclusive license /
専有実施権者[]/exclusive licensee /
専有する権利[]/exclusive right /
総則[]/general provision /
相当な理由[]/due reason; legitimate reason /
側面[]/aspect (although this is unusual, the term has been used in a Japanese patent specification to refer to what would be called an "aspect" in US patent practice) /
側面図[]/side view /
訴訟[]/litigation; suit; action /
損害[]/damage /
損害賠償[]/compensation for damage /
損害賠償請求権[]/right to demand compensation for damage /
対比[]/comparison /
代表者[]/representative /
代表図面[]/representative drawing /
態様[]/form; embodiment; mode; aspect (will depend upon context, and particularly the other terms used to describe various embodiments) /
代理[]/representation /
代理人[]/representative (this term in fact appears on JPO patent documents to refer to the patent attorney; INID code 74); attorney (when used to refer to counsel in a trial proceding) /
立会実験[]/demonstration in the presence of an examiner /
特許発明[]/patented invention /
断面図[]/cross-sectional view /
知的財産[]/intellectual property /
知的所有権[]/intellectual property (right) /
地方裁判所[]/district court /
仲裁[]/arbitration /
庁内整理番号[]/JPO file number /
通常実施権[]/non-exclusive license /
通常実施権者[]/non-exclusive licensee /
通則[]/general rule /
呈する[]/to bring about (an effect); to exhibit (an effect, a phenomenon) /
底面図[]/bottom view /
適宜[]/properly; arbitrarily /
手続補正[]/amendment; correction /
手続補正書[]/written amendment/correction /
展開図[]/development view /
点鎖線[]/dotted line /
展示[]/exhibition /
電子出願[]/electronic application /
点線[]/dotted line　(Care is required, as some patent authors use this term to refer to what are clearly not dotted lines, but dashed lines) /
添付図面[]/accompanying drawings /
伝聞証言[]/hearsay statement; hearsay testimony /
同一[]/same; identical with; one and the same (when followed by a noun or noun clause) /
当該[]/said; the (Some patent practitioners distinguish between 当該 and 前記, using the former for references that are fairly close to the antecedent and the latter for references that are further removed from the antecedent. Others use 当該, for example, in all cases. Both can be translated as said or even the.) /
当業者[]/person skilled in the art [L]/; person versed in the art; person with ordinary skill in the art /
答弁書[]/reply brief /
特願[]/patent application; from 特許出願 /
特願番号[]/Application Filing No. (INID code 21) /
特番[]/patent number; from 特許番号. Much more rarely encountered in patent documents than 特開 and 特公. /
特表[]/published Japanese translation of a PCT application originally filed in English. From 特許公表公報 or 特許出願の国内公表. Refers to the Japanese translation of a PCT application in which Japan was named as one of the countries. Numbers in the format 特表　Y-NNNNNN can be rendered in the form PCT (WO) Y-NNNNNN. /
独立クレーム[]/independent claim /
独立形式請求項[]/independent claim /
特開[]/"unexamined patent application publication (my choice, because the full expression usually has 公報 appended to it) or "published unexamined patent application"; from 特許公開[公報]/. Some wish to use the term "laid open" in place of "publication," but this is an abomination as a noun substitute, although to describe a patent application being laid open is acceptable usage. /
特許[]/patent /
特許異議申立[]/patent opposition /
特許異議申立書[]/(written) patent opposition /
特許異議申人[]/patent opposer; patent opponent /
特許願[]/request for patent /
特許管理人[]/patent administrator (necessary for a non-resident patent applicant and non-resident holders of Japanese patents) /
特許技術懇話会[]/Patent Office Society (group of patent attorneys, examiners, and patent personnel from manufacturers) /
特許権者[]/patentee /
特許公報[]/patent gazette /
特許出願[]/Patent Application /
特許出願公開番号[]/Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication Number (INID code 11)/ 
特許出願公告番号[]/Japanese Patent Application Kokoku Publication Number INID code 11/ 
特許性[]/patentability /
特許請求の範囲[]/Claims; Scope of Claims for Patent (title of a section of a Japanese specification) /
特許訴訟[]/patent litigation; patent suit /
特許庁[]/Japanese Patent Office (INID code 19) /
特許庁長官[]/Director-General of the Patent Office /
特許番号[]/patent number /
特許文献[]/patent document /
特許紛争[]/patent dispute /
特許要件[]/requirements for patentability /
特公[]/examined patent application publication (my choice, because the full expression usually has 公報 appended to it) or "published examined patent application"; from 特許公告[公報]/. It is definitely improper to call this a patent, since the existence of this document in no way implies that an actual patent was granted. /
取下げ[]/withdrawal /
何人[]/any person (often seen in the texts of laws) /
日本国際工業所有権保護協会[]/Association Internationale pour la Protection de la Propertie Industrielle; AIPPI; International Association for the Protection of Industry Property /
日本特許協会[]/Japan Patent Association /
日本特許情報機構[]/Japan Patent Information Organization (JAPIO; privileged amakudari run group that has been given certain monopolistic rights and licenses to do business within the JPO) /
日本分類[]/Japanese Classification (INID code 52) /
認定[]/finding (often used to refer to the decisions and interpretations made by trial examiners and judges) /
背面図[]/rear view /
柱書[]/   main paragraph (often seen with regard to specific sections of the Patent Law) /
破線[]/broken line. This is the safest translation, as the line being referred to can be any variety of broken line, including both dotted and dashed lines/
発明[]/invention /
発明が解決しようとする課題[]/problem to be solved by the invention (title found in Japanese patent specifications) /
発明者[]/inventor (INID code 72) /
発明数[]/number of inventions /
発明に関する技術分野[]/relevant technical field (to the invention) /
発明の技術分野[]/Technical Field of the Invention (title in JPO publication) /
発明の効果[]/Effect of the Invention (title in JPO publication) /
発明の構成[]/constitution of the invention /
発明の構成に欠くことができない事項[]/indispensable constituent features of the invention /
発明の実施の形態[]/mode for carrying out the (claimed) invention /
発明の実施例[]/Embodiments of the Invention (title in JPO publication) /
発明の詳細な説明[]/detailed description of the invention (title in Japanese specification) /
発明の目的[]/Purpose of the Invention (title in JPO publication); object (object is used in US patents) /
パテントプール[]/patent pool /
パリ条約[]/Paris Convention (for the Protection of Industrial Property) /
判決[]/court decision; judgment; ruling /
非自明[]/non-obvious /
被請求人[]/demandee /
左側面図[]/left side view /
必須特許[]/essential patent /
部位[]/location; this usually refers to a location on a particular element, for example a particular location on a surface. /
フォーラムショッピング[]/forum shopping; shopping for a venue for litigation /
複数のA[]/a plurality of A. Commonly used in claims and seen outside of the claims as well in US patents. It should be rendered as "plurality of" in claims, but can be rendered as this on the first occurrence and "these" or "the" with a plural of the element name on subsequent occurrences outside of the claims. To avoid 複数の, some Japanese patent specifications use これらの outside the claims. /
含む[]/Surprisingly, Aを含むB should often be rendered as a B such as an A, since many times the author is not referring to an element called B that includes (an) A, but rather giving A as an example of a B. /
符号[]/reference numerals; reference letters /
部材[]/member. This need not be rendered in English if the expression it follows is sufficiently descriptive of the element being recited. /
不受理[]/refusal of receipt /
不服申立て[]/appeal /
部分図[]/partial view /
付与後異議[]/post-grant opposition /
付与前異議[]/pre-grant opposition /
プルーフ要否[]/JPO verification of receipt of application: Required/Not Required (seen on JPO filings to allow the applicant to choose whether or not the JPO issues an electronic verification of the receipt of the application. Almost all applicants select 要.)/ 
分解斜視図[]/exploded perspective view /
分解図[]/exploded view /
分割[]/divisional (sometimes used as a noun to refer to a divisional application) /
分割出願[]/divisional application /
米国知的所有権法協会[]/AIPLA (American Intellectual Property Law Association) /
米国特許商標庁[]/USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) /
平面図[]/plan view /
弁理士[]/patent attorney (preferred to patent agent, since this is what Japanese benrishi call themselves) /
弁理士会[]/Japan Patent Attorneys Association /
放棄[]/abandonment (of a patent application) /
法人[]/legal entity /
包袋[]/file wrapper /
包袋禁反言[]/file wrapper estoppel /
方法[]/process; method /
補正[]/amendment /
略[]/substantially. Commonly used as an adjectival or adverbial prefix. Should not be translated as approximately. /
本発明[]/present invention /
マーカッシュ形式[]/Markush form (a form of claim, used most often in chemical patents, in which one element of a claim is selected from a group of elements, each one of which is specifically recited) /
発明の名称[]/title of the invention (INID code 54) /
右側面図[]/right side view /
民事訴訟法[]/Code of Civil Procedure /
民訴[]/civil litigation: civil suit (abbreviation of 民事訴訟). /
民法[]/Civil Code /
無効[]/invalidity; invalidation /
無効審判[]/trial to invalidate /
無効理由[]/grounds for invalidation /
無効理由通知[]/notification of reasons for invalidation /
名義人[]/holder /
明細書[]/specification /
目的[]/object (of an invention). While objective has been found to be used in about 10% of US patents, it takes a weak second place to object, which has become the standard term used in US practice. /
模式図[]/schematic drawing; can be used to refer to drawings other than wiring diagrams, particularly in patent specifications. /
問題を解決するための手段[]/Means for Solving the Problems (JPO title) /
矢視[]/auxiliary view. Often associated with an arrow, which indicates the direction from which the view is made. /
有効性[]/validity /
優先権[]/priority (right) /
優先権主張[]/priority claim; claim of priority /
優先日[]/priority date /
優先を主張する[]/to claim a priority /
有用特許[]/useful patent /
譲受人[]/assignee /
要旨[]/gist /
要素[]/element /
要約[]/abstract /
要約書[]/abstract /
利害関係[]/interest /
利害関係人[]/interested party; interested person. /
略図[]/schematic view; simplified view; simplified drawing, view /
略示側面図[]/simplified side view /
略示平面図[]/simplified plan view /
圧壊 [あっかい]/to break by applying pressure/ to crush /
圧潰 [あっかい]/ to crush flatly (by applying pressure)/ 
握着 [あくちゃく]/ to attach in a condition as if grasped by the hand/
握持 [あくじ]/ to hold by gripping /
圧砕 [あっさい]/ to crush (by applying pressure)/ 
圧接 [あっせつ]/ contact of one element pressing against another /
圧着 [あっちゃく]/ to attach by pressure (note: for electrical terminals, this is often to crimp/ 
圧延 [あつえん]/ to extend by applying pressure /
圧入 [あつにゅう]/ to press in; to push in; to insert with force /
縛着 [ばくちゃく]/ to mount by tying in a bundle /
抜脱 [ばつだつ]/ to remove by pulling /
没入 [ぼつにゅう]/ to deeply insert; to insert deeply so as to become invisible /
防止 [ぼうし]/ to prevent the influence of another element /
鋲着 [びょうちゃく]/ to attach two or more elements together using rivets/ to rivet-mount; to rivet /
着脱 [ちゃくだつ]/ to attach and remove /
着設 [ちゃくせつ]/ to provide so as to attach (an element)/ 
着座 [ちゃくざ]/ to mount (an element onto a pre-established seating)/ for example, when mounting a valve body to its seat; to sit/ to be seated (used with fasteners)/ 
遅動 [ちどう]/ to move slowly /
直結 [ちょっけつ]/ to link two elements together directly, without an intervening element/
蝶着 [ちょうちゃく]/ to attach so as to be able to swing, such as is the case with a hinge/
張着 [ちょうちゃく]/ to attach with tension applied /
吊着 [ちょうちゃく]/ to attach by suspending from above /
貼着 [ちょうちゃく]/ to attach by adhering something onto something /
調合 [ちょうごう]/ to mix a plurality of substances together in prescribed proportions to achieve a desired effect/
重畳 [ちょうじょう]/ / superimposition/ superimpose (for example, to superimpose modulation on a radio signal)/ 
張架 [ちょうか]/ to lay across in a tensioned condition (such as with a zig-zag spring)/ 
張設 [ちょうせつ]/ to provide in a tensioned state; to connect between (two points) in a tensioned state /
貼設 [ちょうせつ]/ to provide by adhering somewhere /
注入 [ちゅうにゅう]/ to pour (a gas or a liquid)/ 
打壊 [だかい]/ to break by imparting a blow; to break by striking/
弾装 [だんそう]/ to attach so as to have or retain elasticity /
打設 [だせつ]/ to provide (an element) by striking it into (a location/an element)/ 
電動 [でんどう]/ to move by electric power /
鍍着 [どちゃく]/ to plate onto (a surface)/ 
洞貫 [どうかん]/ to pass entirely through an element /
凍結 [とうけつ]/ the change of a liquid to solid form at a lowered temperature; to freeze /
導入 [どうにゅう]/ to guide an element for a given purpose /
導通 [どうつう]/ to be on/ to be connected/ to be conductive (used also to describe the on condition of a switch)/ 
洩出 [えいしゅつ]/ to leak out (for a liquid or gas)/
縁部 [えんぶ]/ edge of an element /
延出 [えんしゅつ]/ to exit (move out/ be output/ in an extended condition/ to be extended/ to extend /
縁端 [えんたん]/ outside edge of an element /
符号 [ふごう]/ the establishment of mutual correspondence of position between elements /
復動 [ふくどう]/ to move repeatedly in a series of motions /
付勢 [ふせい]/ to apply a force to (an element)/ to impel/ to bias/ to urge/
付設 [ふせつ]/ to provide as an adjunct or accessory /
敷設 [ふせつ]/ to lay (e.g., cable)/ 
付装 [ふそう]/ to attach (an element)/ as an accessory/
封着 [ふうちゃく]/ to attach by sealing the contents so that they cannot be seen /
封入 [ふうにゅう]/ to seal a liquid or a gas into an enclosure /
封止 [ふうし]/ to seal an aperture tightly/ to seal /
減勢 [げんせい]/ to reduce a force /
合成 [ごうせい]/ for one substance to be made up of two or more things, in which case the individual components to not retain their original properties/ to synthesize /
具設 [ぐせつ]/ to provide (an element) with / 
波動 [はどう]/ to pulsate/ to pulse /
擺動 [はいどう]/ to move by opening /
配設 [はいせつ]/ to provide in a prescribed location or arrangement /
反動 [はんどう]/ to repel; to impart a repelling force /
発動 [はつどう]/  to start moving / to cause to start moving / start of movement or motion 
閉鎖 [へいさ]/ to block/ to deliberately close off an opening which normally passes a liquid or gas, so as to block such passage /
並設 [へいせつ]/ to provide in proximity in a row arrangement /
併設 [へいせつ]/ to provide both of two elements /
変動 [へんどう]/ to change movement; to change /
変移 [へんい]/ deflection (of an element from its normal position)/ 
披着 [ひちゃく]/ to mount so as to broaden /
被着 [ひちゃく]/ to attach so as to provide an outside covering (Often used in reference to applying a covering film on the surface of a substrate)/
微動 [びどう]/ to move slightly /
被包 [ひほう]/ the condition of having the surface completely covered /
被装 [ひそう]/ to provide (an element)/ as a top covering/ to cover (with an element)/ 
保持 [ほじ]/ to maintain a supported condition/ to maintain a given electrical condition, thermal condition, or voltage/
包囲 [ほうい]/ to surround a line, a surface, or a 3-dimension object (even if the surrounding is not complete)/ 
膨出 [ぼうしゅつ]/ to protrude in an expanded condition /
移行 [いこう]/ movement of an element from one position to another position /
印加 [いんか]/  to apply (a signal, a voltage)/ application (of a signal, of a voltage)/ 
移送 [いそう]/ to move (an object by a means for moving)/ 
持着 [じちゃく]/ to attach in a held condition /
軸架 [じっか]/ to pass a shaft between elements such that it can rotate /
軸着 [じくちゃく]/ to support rotatably by means of a shaft /
軸通 [じくつう]/ to pass (a shaft) through (an element)/ 
人動 [じんどう]/ to move by means of human power /
持設 [じせつ]/ to provide (an element)/ in a supported condition /
可動 [かどう]/ the condition of being able to move /
回動 [かいどう]/ circular movement; swinging /
開設 [かいせつ]/ to provide in an open condition /
介装 [かいそう]/ to place between (two elements)/ to achieve a desired configuration/ to intervene between two element /
回転 [かいてん]/ to rotate in one direction /
介在 [かいざい]/ to be disposed between (elements)/ 
冠着 [かんちゃく]/ to attach an element such as is done with a bottle cap /
嵌着 [かんちゃく]/ to attach an element by fitting it together (with another element)/ 
関着 [かんちゃく]/ to attach an element in door-latch fashion /
嵌脱 [かんだつ]/ to fit together and pull apart /
嵌合 [かんごう]/ to join together elements, the shapes of which are mutually matching; to mate/ to mesh (for gears)/ 
緩嵌 [かんかん]/ to fit  together loosely /
嵌入 [かんにゅう]/ to insert /
緩挿 [かんそう]/ to insert loosely/ to insert to that the condition after insertion is loose/
嵌挿 [かんそう]/ to fit together by insertion /
嵌装 [かんそう]/ to fit together to achieve a desired configuration /
貫装 [かんそう]/ to pass (an element)/ through (an element)]/ to achieve a desired configuration/
環装 [かんそう]/ to provide as a ring (around another element)/ 
貫通 [かんつう]/ to pass completely through to the other side /
嵌通 [かんつう]/ to pass through and fit into /
架設 [かせつ]/ to provide so as to hang across /
仮設 [かせつ]/ to provide temporarily /
活着 [かっちゃく]/ to attach together as a group /
滑動 [かつどう]/ to move smoothly/ slide /
係着 [けいちゃく]/ to attach by using the latching or other mating of two elements /
繋着 [けいちゃく]/ to mount so as to hang down or latch /
傾動 [けいどう]/ to move to one side; to move so as to tilt /
係合 [けいごう]/ to join (elements) so that they mate with one another or hook together /
継合 [けいごう]/ to join together (e.g., as used with regard to making joints between pipes)/ 
結合 [けつごう]/ to join together so as not to part )/
係入 [けいにゅう]/ to insert (two elements so as to be connected to one another)/ 
形成 [けいせい]/ to form into a prescribed shape /
形設 [けいせつ]/ to provide (an element) in a shape suitable for a given purpose/
掛止 [けいし]/ to catch or latch onto and hold an object /
係止 [けいし]/ to latch or catch together /
巻着 [けんちゃく]/ to attach by winding /
捲着 [けんちゃく]/ to attach by taking up /
巻張 [けんちょう]/ to apply tension by winding /
懸吊 [けんちょう]/ to suspend (from the top so as to hang down)/ 
巻架 [けんか]/ to apply tension by winding the end of (a wire, cord,rope, thread)/ 
懸架 [けんか]/ to hang across; to lay across /
巻回 [けんかい]/ to wind around /
検出 [けんしゅつ]/ (mech., elec.) detect/ (chem) analyze and determine components /
巻装 [けんそう]/ to wind around the outside (of an element)/ to wind /
懸装 [けんそう]/ to mount/attach by hanging/ hang /
結線 [けっせん]/  electrical connection/ to connect electrically (the term SETSUZOKU is also used)/ 
欠切 [けっせつ]/ to cut away part of an element /
起動 [きどう]/ to start moving; to start operation /
緊結 [きんけつ]/ to link together tightly so as not to loosen /
近接 [きんせつ]/ elements in proximity to one another /
緊締 [きんてい]/ to tighten securely with, for example, a cord or to otherwise bind in a secure manner /
楔着 [きっちゃく]/ to mount by wedging in /
個着 [こちゃく]/ to mount in a fixed condition /
糊着 [こちゃく]/ to attach using glue /
刻装 [こくそう]/ to make by engraving; to engrave /
混入 [こんにゅう]/ to mix a supplementary component into a main component (It is not relevant whether this mixing creates a uniform mixture or causes a chemical change)/ 
混練 [こんれん]/ to kneed a mixture of substances /
跨設 [こせつ]/  provide (an element)/ so as to straddle to elements/ to bridge (an element)/ across (two elements/two locations)/ 
固設 [こせつ]/ to provide (an element)/ in a fixed condition /
固装 [こそう]/ to provide securely /
交合 [こうごう]/ to join (elements)/ so that they fit into or mesh with one another /
構成 [こうせい]/ to form/ to constitute/ to be made up of /
構設 [こうせつ]/ to provide an element as part of an assembly / 
交止 [こうし]/ to latch together with a fastener element /
駆動 [くどう]/ to drive/ to cause to move or operate /
屈設 [くっせつ]/ to provide an element in a bent over shape /
挟着 [きょうちゃく]/ to attach by sandwiching an element /
協動 [きょうどう]/ to move in concert (with another element)/
挟入 [きょうにゅう]/ to insert so as to be sandwiched between /
橋絡 [きょうらく]/ bridging (of two points by an element disposed so as to bridge between the two points)/ 
挟装 [きょうそう]/ to fit/sandwich between (two elements)/ 
吸着 [きゅうちゃく]/ to attach an element by means of the pulling force vacuum pressure, magnetic force, static electricity /
給電 [きゅうでん]/ supply of electrical energy/ electrically energize/ power/ electrically power/ feed electrical power to (a circuit, device, element)/ 
埋入 [まいにゅう]/ to bury (so as not be visible)/ 
埋設 [まいせつ]/ to provide (an element) in a buried condition/ to bury (an element)/ 
密接 [みっせつ]/  intimate contact; to make intimate contact /
内設 [ないせつ]/ to provide (an element) inside (an element, space, area)/ 
内接 [ないせつ]/ internal contact/ to make contact internally /
粘着 [ねんちゃく]/ to attach using a viscous substance /
捻合 [ねんごう]/ to twist together /
応動 [おうどう]/ to move in response to (another object, an action)/ 
押動 [おうどう]/ to move so as to apply pressure /
横架 [おうか]/ to lay across laterally/ to bridge laterally /
横貫 [おうかん]/ to pass entirely through an element laterally /
横設 [おうせつ]/ to provide an element laterally /
凹設 [おうせつ]/ to provide/make a depression (concave part)/ 
螺着 [らちゃく]/ to screw in (e.g., screws or bolts)/ 
螺合 [らごう]/ to screw together (same as RAKAN)/ 
螺嵌 [らかん]/ to screw (object + object) together /
螺刻 [らこく]/  threading/ to thread /
励磁 [れいじ]/  magnetic excitation/ magnetic drive/ to excite magnetically/ to drive magnetically /
連動 [れんどう]/ to move in response to (either before or after)/ the movement of another object /
連架 [れんか]/ to lay across so as to join (example: as in to lay across and join utility poles)/ 
連結 [れんけつ]/ to link two elements together so that they communicate with one another /
連設 [れんせつ]/ to provide (elements)/ in a connected row arrangement /
連通 [れんつう]/ to link (used chiefly in the case of passing a linking passageway between two otherwise isolated spaces, thereby forming a link therebetween)/ 
列設 [れっせつ]/ to provide a row (of elements)/
離脱 [りだつ]/ the condition in which moving away or removal are possible /
隣接 [りんせつ]/ to be neighboring; to exist in neighboring contact /
立設 [りっせつ]/ to arrange (elements)/ in a standing condition/ to stand a row of elements (in a prescribed location)/ 
露出 [ろしゅつ]/ to expose to light or to a gas /
漏出 [ろうしゅつ]/ leakage of a liquid or the like /
流動 [りゅうどう]/ flow/ to flow /
流出 [りゅうしゅつ]/ to flow out /
流通 [りゅうつう]/ to flow (between two points)/ to mutually communicate /
作動 [さどう]/ to operate; to move following a given principle, in accordance with an established purpose and rule. (This is distinguished from movement that is without purpose and order.)/ 
載置 [さいち]/ to place and hold an element on the top of another element /
裁断 [さいだん]/ to cut (fabric to a desired shape)/ 
載架 [さいか]/ to lay a prescribed object between and over objects so as to bridge them /
砕壊 [さいかい]/ to break into granules/ granulate/ pulverize /
散布 [さんぷ]/ disperse (a powder by means of a deliberate action over a given surface area, to achieve a nearly uniform dispersion)/
削成 [さくせい]/cut (note: the verb used needs to be adjusted to the actual process)/ to a prescribed shape /
成長 [せいちょう]/ to become large/ to grow /
生長 [せいちょう]/ to grow (used for living things)/
制動 [せいどう]/ restrict movement/ restriction of movement/ brake /
整合 [せいごう]/ join in an aligned manner/ join in a regular manner/ to align /
成型 [せいけい]/ to achieve a form by the use of a die /
析出 [せきしゅつ]/ to analyze a chemical compound and separate a given substance/ to precipitate /
積層 [せきそう]/ lamination/ laminate /
剪断 [せんだん]/ to slice/ to shear (vertical cutting)(used more often for flat objects being cut)/ 
潜入 [せんにゅう]/ to fit under (another element)/ 
穿設 [せんせつ]/ to form, drill, make a hole /
接着 [せっちゃく]/ to attach in contact /
切断 [せつだん]/ to sever/ to cut off (used more often for long objects being cut to shorten them)/
截断 [せつだん]/ to cut (a material other than fabric)/ 
接合 [せつごう]/ to join and connect two elements/ to link /
射出 [しゃしゅつ]/ to eject an object ([in particular, a fluid) outward with a strong force /
止着 [しちゃく]/ to attach so as to be immovable /
始動 [しどう]/ to start moving /
噛合 [しごう]/ to cause tooth-shaped objects to mesh/ mesh/ mesh together /
支持 [しじ]/ to support (an element)/ 
震動 [しんどう]/ trembling/ to tremble (with small, repetitive movements)/
振動 [しんどう]/  vibration/ to vibrate /
滲出 [しんしゅつ]/ for a liquid to exude gradually from a semi-permeable film or from an opening /
浸出 [しんしゅつ]/ for a liquid to exude/ to immerse in water and obtain a component (of an element, substance)/ 
支承 [ししょう]/ to support removably /
施装 [しそう]/ to provide an object to another /
食刻 [しょっこく]/ to engrave by chemical action/ to etch /
植設 [しょくせつ]/ to implant (an element)/ 
蒸着 [じょうちゃく]/ to deposit on a surface by causing evaporation /
衝打 [しょうだ]/ to strike with a shock force /
衝合 [しょうごう]/ to physical join (elements) up against one another /
照合 [しょうごう]/ to reference and compare two things /
焼結 [しょうけつ]/ the mixing of two or more substances, such as metals into a homogeneous mixture, and the forming of this mixture into a solid by the application of heat; sintering /
消勢 [しょうせい]/ to remove a force /
取着 [しゅちゃく]/ to mount; to attach /
手動 [しゅどう]/ to move by hand /
縮合 [しゅくごう]/ to join two things so as to cause shrinkage /
縮退 [しゅくたい]/ to retract by shrinking (such as a bellows does)/
取設 [しゅせつ]/ to provide (an element) so as to be received /
周着 [しゅうちゃく]/ to mount around something /
摺動 [しゅうどう]/ to slide in contact; to abrade /
集合 [しゅうごう]/ to collect a plurality of elements in a given location /
集積 [しゅうせき]/ to integrate/ to accumulate/ integration (with respect to semiconductors)/
周設 [しゅうせつ]/ to provide (an element) around the periphery of an element; to surround (an element) with (an element)/ 
集層 [しゅうそう]/ a laminated collection of elements /
充填 [じゅうてん]/ to fill (a container or space with a substance or objects)/ 
歯合 [しごう]/ to cause teeth to mesh with other teeth; to mesh (e.g., as used with respect to gears)/ 
挿着 [そうちゃく]/ to attach by insertion/ insert (one element into another)/ 
装着 [そうちゃく]/ to attach so as to achieve a desired configuration /
挿脱 [そうだつ]/ to insert and remove /
装架 [そうか]/ to lay across in a prescribed manner /
挿嵌 [そうかん]/ to fit together by insertion /
挿入 [そうにゅう]/ to insert /
装入 [そうにゅう]/ to attach by inserting /
挿設 [そうせつ]/ to provide (an element)/ in an inserted condition /
装設 [そうせつ]/ to provide as adornment or embellishment /
装填 [そうてん]/ to fill (a hole)/ 
挿通 [そうつう]/ to pass through a hole or other passage /
垂設 [すいせつ]/ to provide (an element)/ in a hanging condition/ suspend (and element) from above /
枢着 [すうちゃく]/ to mount so as to be able to swing (not rotate) making use of a protrusion and a depression /
対峙 [たいじ]/ to be mutually opposite in a position /
対向 [たいこう]/ to oppose; this can be used to describe the physical opposition of two elements, in which the main active surfaces of each are in mutual opposition./
代入 [だいにゅう]/ to substitute (one element for another)/
担持 [たんじ]/ to support an element on top of a supporting element /
短絡 [たんらく]/ short; short circuit/ short (for example, short to ground)/
釘着 [ていちゃく]/ to attach by driving a nail; to nail /
締着 [ていちゃく]/ to attach by tightening /
定着 [ていちゃく]/ to attach so as not be movable from an established position /
締結 [ていけつ]/ to tighten together securely /
碇止 [ていし]/ to fix in place by overlapping /
適合 [てきごう]/ to be suited to a desired purpose /
添着 [てんちゃく]/ to attach as an addition /
転動 [てんどう]/ to move by rolling /
伝動 [でんどう]/ transmission of movement to another element /
添付 [てんぷ]/ to attach an subsidiary or subordinate element to a main element /
添装 [てんそう]/ to attach (an element) to a main element as an accessory element /
填装 [てんそう]/ to provide (an element)/ so as to form a blockage /
点滴 [てんてき]/ to drip a fluid one drop at a time /
塗着 [とちゃく]/ to apply; to attach by application (of a liquid) to a surface /
取付 [とりつけ]/ to mount (removably)/
吐出 [としゅつ]/ to eject a prescribed quantity of fluid (from, for example, a container)/ 
突設 [とっせつ]/ to provide (an element) in a extended or protruding condition; to provide a extension (or protrusion)/ 
凸設 [とっせつ]/ to provide (an element) in a protruding (convex) condition; to provide a protrusion/
突出 [とっしゅつ]/ protrude;  protrusion /
踏動 [とうどう]/ to pedal up and down so as to move; to pedal (foot movement can be lateral)/
倒立 [とうりつ]/ to stand upside-down /
当接 [とうせつ]/ contact of one element against another /
追動 [ついどう]/ (for a subsidiary element) to move so as to follow (a main element)/
追従 [ついじゅう]/ to track; to follow; the tracking by one element of another element /
抑制 [よくせい]/ to suppress movement /
抑止 [よくし]/ to restrict movement /
溶着 [ようちゃく]/ to melt, causing elements to adhere to one another (used for soldering and welding)/ 
揺動 [ようどう]/ to undulate so as to move like a see-saw /
溶解 [ようかい]/to dissolve to the liquid state (used in cases, for example, of placing a solid object in a liquid to dissolve it)/ 
溶出 [ようしゅつ]/ to produce in melted form /
融着 [ゆうちゃく]/ to fuse together (by melting) (e.g., the case of melting plastic to attach it to a base)/
遊動 [ゆうどう]/ to move freely /
遊嵌 [ゆうかん]/ fit (object + object) together that there is play therebetween/ fit (object + object) together so that after fitting them together there is a space therebetween which enables movement of the objects. /
遊貫 [ゆうかん]/ to pass entirely through an element and in a manner in which play remains /
遊挿 [ゆうそう]/ insertion of an element so that it has clearance when inserted /